Tunstall Avenue
Billingham · TS23 3QB, TS23 3QD, TS23 3QH +5 more
Average sold price
£101,528
105 sales since 1995
Median
£107,000
middle of every sale
Last sold
£190k
6 Mar 2026
Properties
76
semi-detached most common
Average sold price by year
Properties on Tunstall Avenue
| Address | Type | Last sold | Price | Sales |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Terraced | 6 Mar 2026 | £190,000 | 3 |
| 65, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3QD | Semi-Detached | 30 Oct 2025 | £176,000 | 1 |
| 46, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 30 Sep 2025 | £167,000 | 3 |
| 60, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SW | Semi-Detached | 1 Jul 2025 | £150,000 | 1 |
| 27, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SR | Semi-Detached | 23 Apr 2025 | £151,000 | 3 |
| 20, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Terraced | 7 Mar 2025 | £127,500 | 2 |
| 37, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SR | Terraced | 23 Sep 2024 | £210,000 | 1 |
| 10, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 25 Mar 2024 | £155,000 | 1 |
| 75, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3QD | Semi-Detached | 25 Mar 2024 | £190,000 | 1 |
| 50, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 7 Jul 2023 | £107,000 | 2 |
| 42, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Detached | 16 Dec 2022 | £155,000 | 2 |
| 38, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 21 Jan 2022 | £143,000 | 1 |
| 41, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SR | Semi-Detached | 27 Aug 2021 | £148,500 | 3 |
| 55, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3QB | Semi-Detached | 5 Jul 2021 | £155,500 | 2 |
| 72, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SW | Semi-Detached | 16 Feb 2021 | £127,000 | 1 |
| 24, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 5 Feb 2021 | £156,000 | 1 |
| 30, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 14 Dec 2020 | £111,500 | 2 |
| 11, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SS | Semi-Detached | 30 Nov 2020 | £126,000 | 1 |
| 29, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SR | Semi-Detached | 20 Nov 2020 | £110,000 | 1 |
| 1, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SS | Semi-Detached | 20 Nov 2020 | £130,000 | 1 |
| 28, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 8 Nov 2019 | £140,000 | 2 |
| 93, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3QH | Semi-Detached | 22 Oct 2019 | £119,000 | 1 |
| 62, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SW | Terraced | 25 Sep 2019 | £94,000 | 1 |
| 36, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 10 May 2019 | £110,000 | 1 |
| 16, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 12 Apr 2019 | £125,000 | 4 |
| 87, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3QH | Semi-Detached | 18 Aug 2017 | £141,000 | 1 |
| 43, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SR | Semi-Detached | 28 Jul 2017 | £164,000 | 1 |
| 2, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3ST | Semi-Detached | 21 Apr 2017 | £131,500 | 1 |
| 79, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3QD | Semi-Detached | 18 Apr 2017 | £125,000 | 3 |
| 76, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SW | Semi-Detached | 31 Jan 2017 | £102,000 | 2 |
| 61, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3QB | Semi-Detached | 3 Jan 2017 | £100,000 | 1 |
| 77, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3QD | Semi-Detached | 7 Oct 2016 | £100,000 | 1 |
| 13A, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SR | Semi-Detached | 15 Sep 2016 | £135,000 | 1 |
| 52, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 21 Jun 2016 | £117,750 | 1 |
| 22A, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 18 Dec 2015 | £144,000 | 2 |
| 66, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SW | Terraced | 15 Sep 2015 | £75,100 | 1 |
| 68, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SW | Terraced | 30 Mar 2015 | £125,000 | 1 |
| 54, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 31 Jul 2014 | £115,777 | 1 |
| 69, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3QD | Semi-Detached | 27 Jun 2014 | £120,000 | 1 |
| 33, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SR | Semi-Detached | 1 Mar 2013 | £112,995 | 1 |
| 13, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SR | Semi-Detached | 12 Dec 2012 | £110,000 | 1 |
| 23, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SR | Semi-Detached | 26 Oct 2012 | £105,500 | 1 |
| 59, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3QB | Semi-Detached | 25 Aug 2011 | £152,650 | 1 |
| 70, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SW | Semi-Detached | 29 Oct 2010 | £98,000 | 1 |
| 5, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SS | Semi-Detached | 11 Feb 2009 | £90,000 | 2 |
| 40, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 8 Jun 2007 | £122,000 | 1 |
| 21, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SR | Semi-Detached | 18 Aug 2006 | £59,998 | 1 |
| 44, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 30 Jun 2006 | £120,000 | 1 |
| 32, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 30 Jun 2006 | £135,000 | 1 |
| 60, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SW | Semi-Detached | 19 Sep 2005 | £129,995 | 1 |
| 42, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SP | Detached | 18 Mar 2005 | £105,000 | 1 |
| 41, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SR | Semi-Detached | 27 Aug 2004 | £132,500 | 2 |
| 6, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3ST | Detached | 30 Jan 2004 | £85,000 | 1 |
| 95, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3QH | Detached | 12 Sep 2003 | £88,000 | 1 |
| 33, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SR | Semi-Detached | 19 Nov 2002 | £76,750 | 1 |
| 75, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3QD | Semi-Detached | 19 Jul 2002 | £68,000 | 1 |
| 1, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SS | Semi-Detached | 15 Apr 2002 | £50,000 | 1 |
| 15, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SR | Detached | 5 Apr 2002 | £67,000 | 2 |
| 81, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3QD | Semi-Detached | 30 Nov 2001 | £57,500 | 3 |
| 66, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SW | Semi-Detached | 28 Sep 2001 | £47,370 | 1 |
| 76, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SW | Semi-Detached | 25 May 2001 | £53,500 | 1 |
| 19, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SR | Semi-Detached | 5 Dec 2000 | £58,000 | 1 |
| 22, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 24 Nov 2000 | £59,950 | 1 |
| 89, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3QH | Semi-Detached | 6 Sep 2000 | £45,000 | 1 |
| 58, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SW | Semi-Detached | 23 Dec 1999 | £38,000 | 1 |
| 39, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3SR | Semi-Detached | 15 Dec 1999 | £51,500 | 1 |
| 57, TUNSTALL AVENUE TS23 3QB | Semi-Detached | 10 Dec 1999 | £61,500 | 1 |
| 69, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3QD | Semi-Detached | 13 Nov 1998 | £40,000 | 1 |
| 46, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 9 Oct 1998 | £45,000 | 1 |
| 20, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SP | Terraced | 17 Jul 1998 | £44,500 | 2 |
| 26, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 19 Sep 1997 | £51,500 | 2 |
| 38, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 29 Aug 1997 | £51,500 | 1 |
| 22, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SP | Semi-Detached | 25 Apr 1997 | £49,000 | 1 |
| 4, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3ST | Semi-Detached | 9 Oct 1996 | £38,000 | 2 |
| 43, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3SR | Semi-Detached | 14 Jul 1995 | £59,000 | 1 |
| 87, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM TS23 3QH | Semi-Detached | 27 Feb 1995 | £49,000 | 1 |
Recent sales
| Date | Address | Type | Tenure | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 Mar 2026 | 18, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Terraced | Freehold | £190,000 |
| 30 Oct 2025 | 65, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £176,000 |
| 30 Sep 2025 | 46, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £167,000 |
| 1 Jul 2025 | 60, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £150,000 |
| 23 Apr 2025 | 27, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £151,000 |
| 7 Mar 2025 | 20, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Terraced | Freehold | £127,500 |
| 23 Sep 2024 | 37, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Terraced | Freehold | £210,000 |
| 25 Mar 2024 | 10, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £155,000 |
| 25 Mar 2024 | 75, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £190,000 |
| 7 Jul 2023 | 50, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £107,000 |
| 31 Jan 2023 | 46, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £151,000 |
| 16 Dec 2022 | 42, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Detached | Freehold | £155,000 |
| 21 Jan 2022 | 38, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £143,000 |
| 27 Aug 2021 | 41, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £148,500 |
| 26 Aug 2021 | 41, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £150,000 |
| 5 Jul 2021 | 55, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £155,500 |
| 16 Feb 2021 | 72, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £127,000 |
| 5 Feb 2021 | 24, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £156,000 |
| 14 Dec 2020 | 30, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £111,500 |
| 30 Nov 2020 | 11, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £126,000 |
| 27 Nov 2020 | 55, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £107,000 |
| 20 Nov 2020 | 29, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £110,000 |
| 20 Nov 2020 | 1, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £130,000 |
| 24 Jun 2020 | 27, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £124,000 |
| 8 Nov 2019 | 28, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £140,000 |
| 22 Oct 2019 | 93, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £119,000 |
| 25 Sep 2019 | 62, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Terraced | Freehold | £94,000 |
| 10 May 2019 | 36, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £110,000 |
| 12 Apr 2019 | 16, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £125,000 |
| 25 Oct 2018 | 18, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Terraced | Freehold | £134,000 |
| 29 Jun 2018 | 42, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Detached | Freehold | £130,000 |
| 30 May 2018 | 28, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £88,000 |
| 29 Aug 2017 | 46, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £125,000 |
| 18 Aug 2017 | 87, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £141,000 |
| 28 Jul 2017 | 43, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £164,000 |
| 21 Apr 2017 | 2, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £131,500 |
| 18 Apr 2017 | 79, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £125,000 |
| 10 Mar 2017 | 20, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Terraced | Freehold | £139,950 |
| 31 Jan 2017 | 76, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £102,000 |
| 3 Jan 2017 | 61, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £100,000 |
| 7 Oct 2016 | 77, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £100,000 |
| 15 Sep 2016 | 13A, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £135,000 |
| 20 Jul 2016 | 41, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £148,000 |
| 21 Jun 2016 | 52, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £117,750 |
| 18 Dec 2015 | 22A, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £144,000 |
| 15 Sep 2015 | 66, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Terraced | Freehold | £75,100 |
| 2 Apr 2015 | 22A, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £99,000 |
| 30 Mar 2015 | 68, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Terraced | Freehold | £125,000 |
| 31 Oct 2014 | 16, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £120,000 |
| 31 Jul 2014 | 54, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £115,777 |
| 27 Jun 2014 | 69, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £120,000 |
| 20 Dec 2013 | 30, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £105,000 |
| 1 Mar 2013 | 33, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £112,995 |
| 12 Dec 2012 | 13, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £110,000 |
| 26 Oct 2012 | 23, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £105,500 |
| 5 Oct 2011 | 76, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £106,000 |
| 25 Aug 2011 | 59, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £152,650 |
| 29 Oct 2010 | 70, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £98,000 |
| 22 Jan 2010 | 16, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Terraced | Freehold | £119,950 |
| 11 Feb 2009 | 5, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £90,000 |
| 8 Jun 2007 | 40, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £122,000 |
| 3 May 2007 | 5, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £134,000 |
| 18 Aug 2006 | 21, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £59,998 |
| 30 Jun 2006 | 44, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £120,000 |
| 30 Jun 2006 | 32, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £135,000 |
| 19 Sep 2005 | 60, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £129,995 |
| 18 Mar 2005 | 42, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Detached | Freehold | £105,000 |
| 27 Aug 2004 | 41, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £132,500 |
| 30 Jan 2004 | 6, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Detached | Freehold | £85,000 |
| 12 Sep 2003 | 95, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Detached | Freehold | £88,000 |
| 19 Nov 2002 | 33, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £76,750 |
| 19 Jul 2002 | 75, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £68,000 |
| 15 Apr 2002 | 1, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £50,000 |
| 5 Apr 2002 | 15, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Detached | Freehold | £67,000 |
| 30 Nov 2001 | 81, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £57,500 |
| 28 Sep 2001 | 66, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £47,370 |
| 25 May 2001 | 76, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £53,500 |
| 7 Dec 2000 | 50, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £21,000 |
| 5 Dec 2000 | 19, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £58,000 |
| 24 Nov 2000 | 22, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £59,950 |
| 6 Sep 2000 | 89, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £45,000 |
| 4 Sep 2000 | 18, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Terraced | Freehold | £51,000 |
| 28 Jul 2000 | 16, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Terraced | Freehold | £49,000 |
| 21 Jan 2000 | 79, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £47,000 |
| 23 Dec 1999 | 58, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £38,000 |
| 15 Dec 1999 | 39, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £51,500 |
| 10 Dec 1999 | 57, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £61,500 |
| 23 Sep 1999 | 79, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £50,000 |
| 26 Mar 1999 | 27, TUNSTALL AVENUE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £46,000 |
| 27 Nov 1998 | 81, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £45,950 |
| 13 Nov 1998 | 69, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £40,000 |
| 9 Oct 1998 | 46, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £45,000 |
| 17 Jul 1998 | 20, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Terraced | Freehold | £44,500 |
| 30 Apr 1998 | 81, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £48,000 |
| 24 Apr 1998 | 20, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Terraced | Freehold | £43,000 |
| 27 Mar 1998 | 41, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £47,500 |
| 19 Sep 1997 | 26, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £51,500 |
| 29 Aug 1997 | 38, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £51,500 |
| 25 Apr 1997 | 22, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £49,000 |
| 12 Mar 1997 | 15, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Detached | Freehold | £59,750 |
| 9 Oct 1996 | 4, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £38,000 |
| 24 May 1996 | 4, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £40,000 |
| 14 Jul 1995 | 43, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £59,000 |
| 26 May 1995 | 26, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £53,000 |
| 27 Feb 1995 | 87, TUNSTALL AVENUE, BILLINGHAM | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £49,000 |
Other streets in Billingham
Frequently asked questions
What is the average house price on Tunstall Avenue, Billingham?
The average sold price on Tunstall Avenue is £101,528, across 105 sales since 1995. The median is £107,000 — the middle price, which a few unusually expensive sales cannot pull upward.
When did a property on Tunstall Avenue last sell?
The most recent recorded sale on Tunstall Avenue was 18, TUNSTALL AVENUE, which sold for £190,000 on 6 Mar 2026.
How many properties are there on Tunstall Avenue?
76 separate addresses have sold on Tunstall Avenue since 1995, across 8 postcodes (TS23 3QB, TS23 3QD, TS23 3QH, TS23 3SP, …). That is not the same as the number of homes on the street — a property that has never changed hands since 1995 does not appear in Land Registry records.
About this data
Every figure on this page is calculated from the 105 sales HM Land Registry has recorded on Tunstall Avenue since 1995 — what buyers actually paid, not asking prices or estimates. A home that has not changed hands since records began in 1995 will not appear. Sales are matched to this street by postcode and by the street component of the registered address, so a neighbouring street with a similar name is not counted. The Price Paid dataset covers England and Wales only; see Scotland and Northern Ireland.