Irving Close
Bishop's Stortford · CM23 4JR
Average sold price
£188,695
112 sales since 1995
Median
£180,975
middle of every sale
Last sold
£373k
27 Aug 2025
Properties
69
semi-detached most common
Average sold price by year
Properties on Irving Close
| Address | Type | Last sold | Price | Sales |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Terraced | 27 Aug 2025 | £372,500 | 1 |
| 30, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 17 May 2024 | £385,000 | 2 |
| 51, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Terraced | 22 Jul 2022 | £355,000 | 2 |
| 19, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 18 Jul 2022 | £382,000 | 2 |
| 20, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 21 Apr 2022 | £425,000 | 3 |
| 15, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 20 Apr 2022 | £475,000 | 1 |
| 46, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 31 Mar 2022 | £355,000 | 3 |
| 50, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 28 May 2021 | £419,995 | 1 |
| 4, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 28 Feb 2020 | £365,000 | 2 |
| 29, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Terraced | 14 Jan 2020 | £283,000 | 2 |
| 43, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Terraced | 28 Jun 2019 | £260,000 | 1 |
| 42, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 27 Jul 2018 | £339,000 | 1 |
| 57, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 13 Feb 2018 | £350,000 | 4 |
| 28, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Terraced | 3 Oct 2017 | £296,000 | 1 |
| 37, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 5 Dec 2016 | £315,000 | 3 |
| 22, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Terraced | 21 Sep 2016 | £375,000 | 2 |
| 40, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 12 Aug 2016 | £330,000 | 1 |
| 41, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 29 Mar 2016 | £315,000 | 1 |
| 16, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 23 Nov 2015 | £350,000 | 1 |
| 48, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 23 Oct 2015 | £330,000 | 2 |
| 27, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Terraced | 8 Oct 2015 | £250,000 | 2 |
| 34, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Terraced | 14 Aug 2015 | £280,000 | 1 |
| 45, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 28 Mar 2013 | £215,000 | 1 |
| 33, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Terraced | 4 Jun 2010 | £210,000 | 1 |
| 7, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 29 May 2009 | £188,000 | 2 |
| 50, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 2 May 2008 | £268,500 | 1 |
| 44, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 23 Oct 2007 | £217,500 | 3 |
| 22, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 13 Sep 2007 | £250,000 | 1 |
| 20, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 31 Aug 2007 | £250,000 | 1 |
| 2, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 22 Aug 2007 | £260,000 | 2 |
| 31, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 22 Dec 2006 | £216,500 | 1 |
| 27, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 20 Nov 2006 | £179,000 | 1 |
| 32, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 17 Nov 2006 | £212,000 | 2 |
| 30, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 9 Jun 2006 | £206,950 | 2 |
| 10, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 18 May 2006 | £179,950 | 3 |
| 57, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 5 May 2006 | £210,000 | 1 |
| 47, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 20 Apr 2006 | £189,000 | 1 |
| 29, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 3 Mar 2006 | £169,545 | 2 |
| 19, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 2 Mar 2006 | £185,000 | 3 |
| 56, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 20 Dec 2005 | £215,000 | 2 |
| 21, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 21 Oct 2005 | £197,500 | 2 |
| 55, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 17 Oct 2005 | £227,000 | 2 |
| 58, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 25 Aug 2005 | £245,000 | 4 |
| 16, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 1 Jun 2005 | £224,995 | 3 |
| 4, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 4 Mar 2005 | £205,500 | 1 |
| 8, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 4 Dec 2003 | £174,000 | 1 |
| 53, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 23 May 2003 | £193,000 | 3 |
| 33, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 9 May 2003 | £185,000 | 3 |
| 23, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 1 Aug 2002 | £134,995 | 1 |
| 7, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 8 Mar 2002 | £127,500 | 1 |
| 35, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 3 Aug 2001 | £115,000 | 2 |
| 25, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Terraced | 27 Oct 2000 | £106,000 | 1 |
| 44, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Terraced | 11 Aug 2000 | £101,000 | 2 |
| 39, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 29 Mar 2000 | £110,000 | 1 |
| 32, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Terraced | 8 Dec 1999 | £103,825 | 1 |
| 21, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Terraced | 3 Sep 1999 | £99,500 | 1 |
| 13, IRVING CLOSE CM23 4JR | Detached | 27 Aug 1999 | £89,500 | 1 |
| 6, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 23 Nov 1998 | £84,995 | 1 |
| 15, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 30 Oct 1998 | £114,500 | 1 |
| 17, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 16 Jan 1998 | £102,000 | 1 |
| 24, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 17 Oct 1997 | £68,000 | 1 |
| 49, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 10 Oct 1997 | £86,500 | 1 |
| 18, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 1 Sep 1997 | £70,995 | 1 |
| 39, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 28 Apr 1997 | £71,000 | 2 |
| 43, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 26 Jul 1996 | £60,000 | 1 |
| 14, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 26 Feb 1996 | £66,000 | 1 |
| 9, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 18 Aug 1995 | £62,500 | 1 |
| 5, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Terraced | 30 May 1995 | £65,000 | 1 |
| 42, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD CM23 4JR | Semi-Detached | 17 May 1995 | £77,000 | 1 |
Recent sales
| Date | Address | Type | Tenure | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 Aug 2025 | 10, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £372,500 |
| 17 May 2024 | 30, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £385,000 |
| 22 Jul 2022 | 51, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £355,000 |
| 18 Jul 2022 | 19, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £382,000 |
| 21 Apr 2022 | 20, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £425,000 |
| 20 Apr 2022 | 15, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £475,000 |
| 31 Mar 2022 | 46, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £355,000 |
| 28 May 2021 | 50, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £419,995 |
| 28 Feb 2020 | 4, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £365,000 |
| 14 Jan 2020 | 29, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £283,000 |
| 28 Jun 2019 | 43, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £260,000 |
| 7 Mar 2019 | 20, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £382,600 |
| 27 Jul 2018 | 42, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £339,000 |
| 13 Feb 2018 | 57, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £350,000 |
| 27 Dec 2017 | 57, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £362,000 |
| 3 Oct 2017 | 28, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £296,000 |
| 5 Dec 2016 | 37, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £315,000 |
| 21 Sep 2016 | 22, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £375,000 |
| 12 Aug 2016 | 40, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £330,000 |
| 17 Jun 2016 | 46, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £300,000 |
| 29 Mar 2016 | 41, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £315,000 |
| 18 Dec 2015 | 29, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £275,000 |
| 23 Nov 2015 | 16, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £350,000 |
| 23 Oct 2015 | 48, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £330,000 |
| 8 Oct 2015 | 27, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £250,000 |
| 14 Aug 2015 | 34, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £280,000 |
| 28 Jan 2015 | 37, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £265,500 |
| 28 Mar 2013 | 45, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £215,000 |
| 28 Sep 2012 | 19, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £215,000 |
| 8 Mar 2012 | 48, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £230,000 |
| 2 Feb 2012 | 57, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £248,000 |
| 9 Dec 2011 | 30, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £247,500 |
| 2 Jul 2010 | 51, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £182,000 |
| 4 Jun 2010 | 33, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £210,000 |
| 13 Jul 2009 | 37, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £184,000 |
| 29 May 2009 | 7, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £188,000 |
| 2 May 2008 | 50, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £268,500 |
| 23 Oct 2007 | 44, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £217,500 |
| 13 Sep 2007 | 22, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £250,000 |
| 31 Aug 2007 | 20, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £250,000 |
| 22 Aug 2007 | 2, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £260,000 |
| 22 Dec 2006 | 31, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £216,500 |
| 20 Nov 2006 | 27, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £179,000 |
| 17 Nov 2006 | 32, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £212,000 |
| 9 Jun 2006 | 30, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £206,950 |
| 18 May 2006 | 10, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £179,950 |
| 5 May 2006 | 57, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £210,000 |
| 20 Apr 2006 | 47, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £189,000 |
| 3 Mar 2006 | 29, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £169,545 |
| 2 Mar 2006 | 19, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £185,000 |
| 20 Dec 2005 | 56, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £215,000 |
| 21 Oct 2005 | 21, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £197,500 |
| 17 Oct 2005 | 55, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £227,000 |
| 25 Aug 2005 | 58, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £245,000 |
| 1 Jun 2005 | 16, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £224,995 |
| 4 Mar 2005 | 4, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £205,500 |
| 4 Dec 2003 | 8, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £174,000 |
| 28 Nov 2003 | 44, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £167,500 |
| 14 Nov 2003 | 30, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £175,000 |
| 7 Jul 2003 | 16, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £187,500 |
| 23 May 2003 | 53, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £193,000 |
| 9 May 2003 | 33, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £185,000 |
| 1 Aug 2002 | 23, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £134,995 |
| 8 Mar 2002 | 7, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £127,500 |
| 10 Jan 2002 | 2, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £157,250 |
| 29 Nov 2001 | 21, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £140,000 |
| 7 Sep 2001 | 10, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £127,000 |
| 6 Sep 2001 | 33, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £135,500 |
| 3 Aug 2001 | 35, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £115,000 |
| 6 Jul 2001 | 53, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £145,000 |
| 27 Oct 2000 | 25, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £106,000 |
| 17 Aug 2000 | 27, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £95,000 |
| 11 Aug 2000 | 44, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £101,000 |
| 29 Mar 2000 | 39, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £110,000 |
| 28 Jan 2000 | 20, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £128,000 |
| 16 Dec 1999 | 44, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £92,995 |
| 8 Dec 1999 | 32, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £103,825 |
| 15 Oct 1999 | 22, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £115,000 |
| 8 Oct 1999 | 57, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £115,000 |
| 3 Sep 1999 | 21, IRVING CLOSE | Terraced | Freehold | £99,500 |
| 27 Aug 1999 | 13, IRVING CLOSE | Detached | Freehold | £89,500 |
| 10 May 1999 | 46, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £78,000 |
| 30 Apr 1999 | 4, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £96,500 |
| 11 Jan 1999 | 7, IRVING CLOSE | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £76,000 |
| 23 Nov 1998 | 6, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £84,995 |
| 30 Oct 1998 | 15, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £114,500 |
| 16 Jan 1998 | 17, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £102,000 |
| 5 Dec 1997 | 16, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £84,500 |
| 17 Nov 1997 | 19, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £78,500 |
| 5 Nov 1997 | 53, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £90,000 |
| 17 Oct 1997 | 24, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £68,000 |
| 10 Oct 1997 | 49, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £86,500 |
| 15 Sep 1997 | 58, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £90,250 |
| 1 Sep 1997 | 18, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £70,995 |
| 22 Aug 1997 | 44, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £73,000 |
| 17 Jul 1997 | 33, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £74,500 |
| 11 Jul 1997 | 55, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £88,000 |
| 30 Jun 1997 | 29, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £63,000 |
| 6 Jun 1997 | 35, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £69,995 |
| 16 May 1997 | 56, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £80,000 |
| 28 Apr 1997 | 39, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £71,000 |
| 25 Apr 1997 | 39, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £71,780 |
| 13 Sep 1996 | 32, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £70,500 |
| 26 Jul 1996 | 43, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £60,000 |
| 26 Jul 1996 | 58, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £72,000 |
| 29 Mar 1996 | 10, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £68,000 |
| 26 Feb 1996 | 14, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £66,000 |
| 18 Aug 1995 | 9, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £62,500 |
| 30 May 1995 | 5, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Terraced | Freehold | £65,000 |
| 26 May 1995 | 19, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £66,000 |
| 17 May 1995 | 42, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £77,000 |
| 24 Feb 1995 | 58, IRVING CLOSE, BISHOP'S STORTFORD | Semi-Detached | Freehold | £73,750 |
Other streets in Bishop's Stortford
Frequently asked questions
What is the average house price on Irving Close, Bishop's Stortford?
The average sold price on Irving Close is £188,695, across 112 sales since 1995. The median is £180,975 — the middle price, which a few unusually expensive sales cannot pull upward.
When did a property on Irving Close last sell?
The most recent recorded sale on Irving Close was 10, IRVING CLOSE, which sold for £372,500 on 27 Aug 2025.
How many properties are there on Irving Close?
69 separate addresses have sold on Irving Close since 1995, across 1 postcode (CM23 4JR). That is not the same as the number of homes on the street — a property that has never changed hands since 1995 does not appear in Land Registry records.
About this data
Every figure on this page is calculated from the 112 sales HM Land Registry has recorded on Irving Close since 1995 — what buyers actually paid, not asking prices or estimates. A home that has not changed hands since records began in 1995 will not appear. Sales are matched to this street by postcode and by the street component of the registered address, so a neighbouring street with a similar name is not counted. The Price Paid dataset covers England and Wales only; see Scotland and Northern Ireland.