House Price Finder

Parnall Crescent

Bristol · BS37 5XS, BS37 5XT

Average sold price
£147,827
225 sales since 1995
Median
£135,000
middle of every sale
Last sold
£393k
29 May 2026
Properties
85
semi-detached most common

Average sold price by year

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

Properties on Parnall Crescent

AddressTypeLast soldPriceSales
16, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached29 May 2026£392,5002
30, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached12 Jan 2026£264,0004
78, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached3 Oct 2025£300,0001
22, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Terraced28 Jul 2025£250,0003
26, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Terraced2 Jul 2025£268,5004
36, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Terraced26 Mar 2025£295,0001
21A, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached28 Nov 2024£265,0003
32A, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Terraced24 Oct 2024£255,0004
102, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached8 Jul 2024£270,0004
14, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached5 Apr 2024£382,5001
63, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Detached29 Feb 2024£322,0004
57, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached28 Jul 2023£235,0003
53, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached6 Jul 2023£240,0004
15, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Detached21 Apr 2023£385,0002
71, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached12 Aug 2022£305,5004
55, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached18 Jul 2022£266,0003
94, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached15 Jul 2022£350,0001
51, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached30 Jun 2022£268,0003
42, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached1 Jun 2022£245,0001
65, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached27 May 2022£354,0005
96, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached12 May 2022£315,0003
39, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Terraced22 Apr 2022£237,0005
19, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached18 Feb 2022£257,5004
3, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Detached19 Nov 2021£336,0952
98, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached29 Oct 2021£297,0002
12, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached19 Oct 2021£375,0002
7, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached25 Jun 2021£265,0002
41, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Terraced18 May 2021£220,0004
27, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached1 Apr 2021£230,0005
6, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached1 Jul 2020£285,0001
106, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Terraced6 Jul 2018£225,0004
73, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached25 Oct 2017£215,0004
31, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached31 May 2017£199,9503
2, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached30 Nov 2016£247,0005
48, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached12 Aug 2016£242,0005
35, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Terraced15 Apr 2016£228,5001
92, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached19 Feb 2016£298,0002
47, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached15 Jan 2016£185,0001
52, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached31 Jul 2015£250,0005
29, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Terraced26 Jun 2015£175,0003
110, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Terraced27 Mar 2015£212,0003
66, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached20 Mar 2015£240,0003
4, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached12 Jun 2014£215,0004
45, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached24 Mar 2014£159,9954
68, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached27 Jan 2014£165,0004
62, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached20 Dec 2013£195,0003
56, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached1 Nov 2013£205,0003
10, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached25 Oct 2013£250,0002
86, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Terraced18 Oct 2013£140,0001
40, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Terraced4 Oct 2013£135,0003
104, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Terraced25 May 2013£171,5003
60, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached18 Dec 2012£169,0005
9, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Detached24 Mar 2011£179,0001
11A, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Detached9 Mar 2011£205,0001
44, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached30 Sep 2010£135,0004
1, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached16 Feb 2010£199,0002
67, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached23 Nov 2007£167,0002
100, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached9 Nov 2007£250,0002
43, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached1 Jun 2007£157,0002
69, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached13 Apr 2007£166,5001
5, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Detached11 Dec 2006£199,9505
84, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Terraced6 Oct 2006£140,0003
49, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Semi-Detached26 May 2006£132,5004
54, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached14 Nov 2005£180,0003
70, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached26 Aug 2005£170,5002
37, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Terraced24 Aug 2004£127,5002
46, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached4 Mar 2004£115,0001
32, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Terraced23 Jan 2004£111,0003
17, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Terraced25 Jul 2003£118,5004
33, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Terraced26 Mar 2003£100,0002
82, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Terraced31 Jan 2003£108,0005
28, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Terraced8 Jun 2001£70,5001
38, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached24 May 2001£85,0001
20, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached18 Aug 2000£110,0002
25, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Terraced28 Apr 2000£71,0002
90, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached20 Apr 2000£101,0002
34, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Terraced15 Nov 1999£56,9502
61, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XS
Detached12 Oct 1999£84,0001
24, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached12 Aug 1999£50,0001
18, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached26 Mar 1999£84,0001
64, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached23 Feb 1999£71,0001
74, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Detached31 Jul 1997£66,0001
108, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached6 Sep 1996£55,0001
88, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached3 May 1996£43,4751
50, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE
BS37 5XT
Semi-Detached17 Apr 1996£58,5001

Recent sales

DateAddressTypeTenurePrice
29 May 202616, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£392,500
12 Jan 202630, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£264,000
3 Oct 202578, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£300,000
28 Jul 202522, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£250,000
2 Jul 202526, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£268,500
26 Mar 202536, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£295,000
28 Nov 202421A, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£265,000
24 Oct 202432A, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£255,000
8 Jul 2024102, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£270,000
5 Apr 202414, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£382,500
29 Feb 202463, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£322,000
28 Jul 202357, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£235,000
6 Jul 202353, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£240,000
24 Apr 202326, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£222,500
21 Apr 202315, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£385,000
12 Aug 202271, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£305,500
25 Jul 202222, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£230,500
18 Jul 202255, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£266,000
15 Jul 202294, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£350,000
15 Jul 2022102, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£265,500
30 Jun 202251, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£268,000
1 Jun 202242, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£245,000
27 May 202265, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£354,000
12 May 202296, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£315,000
22 Apr 202239, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£237,000
18 Feb 202219, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£257,500
19 Nov 20213, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£336,095
29 Oct 202198, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£297,000
19 Oct 202112, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£375,000
25 Jun 20217, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£265,000
18 May 202141, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£220,000
1 Apr 202127, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£230,000
26 Mar 202132A, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£230,000
25 Sep 202021A, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£220,000
1 Jul 20206, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£285,000
5 Nov 201819, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£228,000
6 Jul 2018106, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£225,000
4 May 201839, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£199,000
1 Dec 201753, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£198,000
24 Nov 201796, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£237,500
25 Oct 201773, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£215,000
15 Sep 201798, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£250,000
8 Sep 201730, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£206,000
22 Aug 201715, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£304,950
7 Jul 201771, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£225,000
30 Jun 201716, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£285,000
31 May 201731, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£199,950
5 Jan 2017102, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£170,000
5 Dec 201612, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£315,000
30 Nov 20162, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£247,000
7 Oct 201665, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£280,000
12 Aug 201648, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£242,000
1 Jul 201627, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£195,000
15 Apr 201635, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£228,500
19 Feb 201692, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£298,000
15 Jan 201647, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£185,000
9 Oct 201553, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£177,500
31 Jul 201552, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£250,000
26 Jun 201529, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£175,000
27 Mar 2015110, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£212,000
20 Mar 201566, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£240,000
1 Aug 201448, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£193,000
12 Jun 20144, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£215,000
24 Mar 201445, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£159,995
27 Jan 201468, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£165,000
20 Dec 201362, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£195,000
15 Nov 2013106, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£170,000
1 Nov 201356, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£205,000
25 Oct 201310, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£250,000
18 Oct 201386, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£140,000
4 Oct 201340, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£135,000
27 Aug 201373, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£153,000
13 Jun 201363, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£176,000
25 May 2013104, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£171,500
22 Mar 201352, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£176,000
18 Dec 201260, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£169,000
13 May 201171, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£145,000
25 Mar 201155, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£130,000
24 Mar 20119, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£179,000
18 Mar 201162, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£170,000
9 Mar 201111A, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£205,000
21 Jan 201148, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£165,000
15 Oct 201026, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£124,000
30 Sep 201044, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£135,000
24 Sep 201096, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£165,000
15 Apr 20102, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£173,500
16 Feb 20101, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£199,000
30 Oct 200952, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£170,000
4 Aug 200941, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£131,500
22 May 200941, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£120,000
2 Jun 200839, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£150,000
14 Mar 200844, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£158,000
23 Nov 200767, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£167,000
22 Nov 200751, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£168,000
9 Nov 2007100, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£250,000
12 Sep 200731, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£170,000
1 Jun 200743, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£157,000
13 Apr 200769, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£166,500
7 Mar 20074, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£198,500
11 Dec 20065, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£199,950
1 Dec 200651, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£142,000
6 Oct 200684, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£140,000
7 Jul 20063, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£199,000
16 Jun 200630, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£139,995
2 Jun 200648, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£172,500
27 May 20064, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£183,750
26 May 200649, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£132,500
24 Mar 2006104, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£167,000
14 Nov 200554, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£180,000
26 Aug 200570, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£170,500
15 Apr 20055, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£175,000
7 Mar 200563, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£165,000
25 Feb 200568, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£165,000
24 Aug 200437, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£127,500
30 Jul 200429, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£132,500
23 Jul 200444, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£128,500
15 Jul 20047, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£170,500
4 Mar 200446, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£115,000
17 Feb 200445, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£120,000
23 Jan 200432, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£111,000
10 Oct 200332A, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£116,995
26 Sep 200352, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£156,950
23 Sep 200319, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£110,000
29 Aug 20031, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£141,995
25 Jul 200317, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£118,500
6 Jun 200353, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£107,000
16 May 200365, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£185,000
10 Apr 200327, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£118,000
27 Mar 200348, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£127,500
26 Mar 200333, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£100,000
31 Jan 200382, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£108,000
22 Nov 200237, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£105,000
27 Sep 200262, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£156,000
27 Aug 200284, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£93,000
15 Aug 200260, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£135,000
12 Jul 200217, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£107,000
15 Mar 200249, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£84,000
31 Jan 200270, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£118,000
29 Nov 200156, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£113,000
24 Aug 200165, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£121,000
17 Aug 20012, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£102,000
16 Aug 200173, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£80,000
9 Jul 20015, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£104,250
22 Jun 20015, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATEDetachedFreehold£100,000
15 Jun 2001104, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£67,000
8 Jun 200128, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£70,500
24 May 200138, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£85,000
24 May 200166, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATESemi-DetachedFreehold£89,000
24 May 200140, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£68,000
12 Mar 200122, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATETerracedFreehold£64,000

Showing the 150 most recent of 225 recorded sales.

Other streets in Bristol

High StreetChurch RoadStation RoadBath RoadGloucester RoadFishponds RoadFilton AvenueNorth StreetPark RoadRedland RoadPembroke RoadDownend Road

All Bristol house prices

Frequently asked questions

What is the average house price on Parnall Crescent, Bristol?
The average sold price on Parnall Crescent is £147,827, across 225 sales since 1995. The median is £135,000 — the middle price, which a few unusually expensive sales cannot pull upward.
When did a property on Parnall Crescent last sell?
The most recent recorded sale on Parnall Crescent was 16, PARNALL CRESCENT, YATE, which sold for £392,500 on 29 May 2026.
How many properties are there on Parnall Crescent?
85 separate addresses have sold on Parnall Crescent since 1995, across 2 postcodes (BS37 5XS, BS37 5XT). That is not the same as the number of homes on the street — a property that has never changed hands since 1995 does not appear in Land Registry records.

About this data

Every figure on this page is calculated from the 225 sales HM Land Registry has recorded on Parnall Crescent since 1995 — what buyers actually paid, not asking prices or estimates. A home that has not changed hands since records began in 1995 will not appear. Sales are matched to this street by postcode and by the street component of the registered address, so a neighbouring street with a similar name is not counted. The Price Paid dataset covers England and Wales only; see Scotland and Northern Ireland.