Parklawn Avenue

Name: Sold house prices on Parklawn Avenue, Epsom
Creator: HM Land Registry
License: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Epsom · KT18 7SJ, KT18 7SL, KT18 7SQ

Average sold price

£382,223

121 sales since 1995

Median

£357,000

middle of every sale

Last sold

£675k

8 May 2026

Properties

semi-detached most common

Average sold price by year

Properties on Parklawn Avenue

Address	Type	Last sold	Price	Sales
83, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	8 May 2026	£675,000	1
11, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	3 Nov 2025	£712,500	2
33, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	27 Aug 2025	£724,600	1
16, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	20 Jun 2025	£740,000	2
66, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Other	12 Aug 2024	£765,000	3
53, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	9 Aug 2024	£750,000	1
37, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	22 May 2024	£720,000	1
24, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	12 Jul 2023	£895,000	3
26, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	19 May 2023	£630,000	1
67, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	19 May 2023	£650,000	2
23, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	7 Feb 2022	£727,950	2
63, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	4 Feb 2022	£650,000	1
45, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	16 Dec 2021	£730,000	2
95, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	16 Mar 2021	£593,500	1
74, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	16 Jun 2020	£630,000	1
2, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	7 May 2020	£535,000	1
44, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	30 Jul 2019	£644,000	1
27, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	24 Apr 2019	£635,000	2
81, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	11 Apr 2019	£570,000	1
46, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	26 Jan 2018	£568,500	1
13, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	30 Jun 2017	£635,000	3
25, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	4 Apr 2017	£652,250	2
34, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	24 Jun 2016	£570,000	4
64, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	14 Jan 2016	£570,000	1
52, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	24 Sep 2015	£580,000	1
103, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	18 Sep 2015	£510,000	1
99, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	25 Jun 2015	£523,000	1
69, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	11 Dec 2014	£565,000	1
38, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	1 Aug 2014	£565,000	1
49, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	23 Jun 2014	£500,000	1
41, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	23 May 2014	£490,000	1
47, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	11 Dec 2013	£430,000	1
56, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	14 Oct 2013	£458,000	2
21, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	14 Oct 2013	£456,000	1
42, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	11 Oct 2013	£410,000	1
70, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	4 Feb 2013	£400,000	1
3, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	1 Aug 2012	£350,000	1
39, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	13 Apr 2012	£435,000	2
54, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	14 Dec 2010	£388,000	2
76, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	12 Nov 2010	£380,000	1
28, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	18 Dec 2009	£357,500	1
30, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	16 Sep 2009	£340,000	1
6, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	7 Jul 2009	£340,000	1
14, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	13 Mar 2009	£337,000	4
37, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	12 Sep 2008	£381,500	1
57, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	18 Apr 2008	£368,000	1
10, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	21 Nov 2007	£420,000	2
13, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	3 Aug 2007	£385,000	2
41, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	28 Jun 2007	£385,000	1
79, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	17 Apr 2007	£372,500	1
97, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	13 Apr 2007	£357,000	2
54, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	16 Mar 2007	£357,500	1
17, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	6 Sep 2006	£318,000	3
9, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	3 Aug 2006	£345,000	2
52, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	21 Jul 2006	£330,000	3
29, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	31 May 2006	£348,150	1
34, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	26 May 2006	£295,000	1
24, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	17 Mar 2006	£325,000	2
4, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	5 Dec 2005	£348,000	1
48, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	21 Sep 2005	£295,000	1
51, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	28 Jul 2005	£331,000	1
103, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	28 Feb 2005	£300,000	4
39, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	19 Nov 2004	£350,000	2
36, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	29 Jul 2004	£299,950	1
22, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	20 Feb 2004	£291,650	2
66, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	25 Jul 2003	£319,500	1
30, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	30 Oct 2002	£240,000	2
38, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	14 Oct 2002	£279,000	1
60, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	17 Sep 2002	£272,000	1
85, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	24 May 2002	£269,500	1
19, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	1 Dec 2000	£190,000	1
20, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	26 May 2000	£197,500	1
60, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	26 Oct 1999	£169,950	1
55, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	2 Jul 1999	£182,000	1
89, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	6 May 1999	£116,000	1
17, PARKLAWN AVENUE KT18 7SQ	Semi-Detached	26 Feb 1999	£160,000	1
91, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	13 Oct 1998	£133,000	1
59, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	1 May 1998	£125,000	1
44, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	16 Apr 1998	£169,000	1
99, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	15 Nov 1996	£119,000	1
95, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	30 Aug 1996	£111,000	1
53, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	15 Dec 1995	£113,000	1
50, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SL	Semi-Detached	24 Nov 1995	£95,850	1
33, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM KT18 7SJ	Semi-Detached	1 Sep 1995	£124,000	1

Recent sales

Date	Address	Type	Tenure	Price
8 May 2026	83, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£675,000
3 Nov 2025	11, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£712,500
27 Aug 2025	33, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£724,600
20 Jun 2025	16, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£740,000
12 Aug 2024	66, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Other	Freehold	£765,000
9 Aug 2024	53, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£750,000
22 May 2024	37, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£720,000
12 Jul 2023	24, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£895,000
19 May 2023	26, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£630,000
19 May 2023	67, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£650,000
7 Feb 2022	23, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£727,950
4 Feb 2022	63, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£650,000
16 Dec 2021	45, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£730,000
24 Jun 2021	67, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£665,000
16 Mar 2021	95, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£593,500
30 Oct 2020	11, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£520,000
16 Jun 2020	74, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£630,000
7 May 2020	2, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£535,000
30 Jul 2019	44, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£644,000
24 Apr 2019	27, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£635,000
12 Apr 2019	66, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£610,000
11 Apr 2019	81, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£570,000
26 Jan 2018	46, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£568,500
30 Jun 2017	13, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£635,000
4 Apr 2017	25, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£652,250
24 Jun 2016	34, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£570,000
26 Apr 2016	16, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£565,000
14 Jan 2016	64, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£570,000
24 Sep 2015	52, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£580,000
18 Sep 2015	103, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£510,000
16 Sep 2015	34, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£555,000
25 Jun 2015	99, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£523,000
11 Dec 2014	69, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£565,000
1 Aug 2014	38, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£565,000
23 Jun 2014	49, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£500,000
23 May 2014	41, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£490,000
11 Dec 2013	47, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£430,000
6 Dec 2013	66, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£500,000
14 Oct 2013	56, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£458,000
14 Oct 2013	21, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£456,000
11 Oct 2013	42, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£410,000
4 Feb 2013	70, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£400,000
17 Aug 2012	23, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£405,000
16 Aug 2012	27, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£360,000
1 Aug 2012	3, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£350,000
13 Apr 2012	39, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£435,000
14 Dec 2010	54, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£388,000
12 Nov 2010	76, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£380,000
16 Aug 2010	45, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£385,000
28 Jun 2010	13, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£381,000
18 Dec 2009	28, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£357,500
27 Nov 2009	34, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£364,950
16 Sep 2009	30, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£340,000
7 Jul 2009	6, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£340,000
8 Jun 2009	39, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£388,500
1 May 2009	24, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£360,000
13 Mar 2009	14, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£337,000
12 Sep 2008	37, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£381,500
18 Apr 2008	57, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£368,000
21 Nov 2007	10, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£420,000
3 Aug 2007	13, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£385,000
28 Jun 2007	41, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£385,000
17 Apr 2007	79, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£372,500
13 Apr 2007	97, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£357,000
16 Mar 2007	54, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£357,500
6 Sep 2006	17, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£318,000
3 Aug 2006	9, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£345,000
21 Jul 2006	52, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£330,000
31 May 2006	29, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£348,150
26 May 2006	34, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£295,000
17 Mar 2006	24, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£325,000
5 Dec 2005	4, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£348,000
21 Sep 2005	48, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£295,000
19 Aug 2005	14, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£310,000
3 Aug 2005	56, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£298,000
28 Jul 2005	51, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£331,000
4 Mar 2005	54, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£295,000
28 Feb 2005	103, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£300,000
17 Dec 2004	17, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£286,000
19 Nov 2004	39, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£350,000
29 Jul 2004	36, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£299,950
19 Apr 2004	14, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£292,500
20 Feb 2004	22, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£291,650
7 Nov 2003	39, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£165,000
13 Oct 2003	10, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£238,000
25 Jul 2003	66, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£319,500
30 Apr 2003	103, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£290,000
12 Dec 2002	103, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£295,000
30 Oct 2002	30, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£240,000
14 Oct 2002	38, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£279,000
17 Sep 2002	60, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£272,000
16 Aug 2002	52, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£285,000
4 Jul 2002	24, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£269,950
24 May 2002	85, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£269,500
1 Dec 2000	19, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£190,000
24 Nov 2000	13, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£174,000
26 May 2000	20, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£197,500
26 Oct 1999	60, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£169,950
27 Aug 1999	34, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£171,000
2 Jul 1999	55, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£182,000
26 May 1999	25, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£192,000
6 May 1999	89, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£116,000
16 Apr 1999	24, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£161,500
26 Feb 1999	17, PARKLAWN AVENUE	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£160,000
13 Oct 1998	91, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£133,000
21 Aug 1998	14, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£129,000
30 Jun 1998	9, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£149,950
1 May 1998	59, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£125,000
16 Apr 1998	44, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£169,000
26 Sep 1997	52, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£128,500
9 Jun 1997	13, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£130,000
15 Nov 1996	99, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£119,000
30 Aug 1996	95, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£111,000
17 Jul 1996	97, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£110,000
15 Dec 1995	53, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£113,000
30 Nov 1995	103, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£119,000
24 Nov 1995	50, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£95,850
8 Sep 1995	17, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£108,000
1 Sep 1995	30, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£105,750
1 Sep 1995	33, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£124,000
23 Jun 1995	22, PARKLAWN AVENUE, EPSOM	Semi-Detached	Freehold	£110,000

Other streets in Epsom

Kingston Road Chessington Road Hook Road East Street Station Approach Ashley Road Farriers Road Church Street Ruxley Lane Reigate Road South Street Alexandra Road

All Epsom house prices

Frequently asked questions

What is the average house price on Parklawn Avenue, Epsom?

The average sold price on Parklawn Avenue is £382,223, across 121 sales since 1995. The median is £357,000 — the middle price, which a few unusually expensive sales cannot pull upward.

When did a property on Parklawn Avenue last sell?

The most recent recorded sale on Parklawn Avenue was 83, PARKLAWN AVENUE, which sold for £675,000 on 8 May 2026.

How many properties are there on Parklawn Avenue?

84 separate addresses have sold on Parklawn Avenue since 1995, across 3 postcodes (KT18 7SJ, KT18 7SL, KT18 7SQ). That is not the same as the number of homes on the street — a property that has never changed hands since 1995 does not appear in Land Registry records.

About this data

Every figure on this page is calculated from the 121 sales HM Land Registry has recorded on Parklawn Avenue since 1995 — what buyers actually paid, not asking prices or estimates. A home that has not changed hands since records began in 1995 will not appear. Sales are matched to this street by postcode and by the street component of the registered address, so a neighbouring street with a similar name is not counted. The Price Paid dataset covers England and Wales only; see Scotland and Northern Ireland.